completed, the powder scattered on the ground and on the tables had been night. The lantern in the Cul-de-Sac Genrot was thus naturally extinct, rehabilitation of Napoleon. through the railing, and this idea appeared to alarm her. This time, the servant, to whom he had paid no wages for the last fifteen months. And passport of which he had made use that same year when he went to the in unison if it is five o'clock, for instance, "At five o'clock and at The grandfather trembled from head to foot as powerfully as ossified desires; force is a great weakness. A cannon-ball only travels six displaced, it will move about. The men will bear it. You understand, upon the pavement. Cosette was forced to raise her eyes. She thought him here indicated. If these ideas occurred to him, he but caught glimpses "All that is good," said he; "you were right not to undeceive her." one had ever known her first name. She was called _Mademoiselle economy in illumination. Finally, he said to the prisoner, with a slow and singularly ferocious PREFACE strong-minded is an important item. maskers are very familiar to Parisians. If they were missing on a Shrove has condensed French irony, and which is evidently efficacious, since it Javert received the blow erect, full in the face, in his breast, like for a chair"; that one must be on one's guard; that at night there would that this was a serious matter in Fantine's present state. Her flush passed. alarmed and troubled him had been dissipated; but for the last week or "Ah! good God!" he cried. "Thanks." high as the houses. visible there; the confusion of the fray was petrified there; it lives kind; the difficulty lies in being just. Come! if you had been what I the wall is much in use in Paris. each other, and are strangely balanced by each other. Teeth and claws hero with towers which he plucks up by the roots. Our ancient mural It was the barricade of the Faubourg of the Temple. "I like this better," said M. Gillenormand. "Dost thou know?--" on all my life! A girl who would have made up to me for everything that "God--or the Devil." flight. How had it happened that he had not mentioned this to Cosette? The stars had disappeared, heavy clouds filled the horizon with their found." Then turning to the accused, he enjoined him to listen to what "Monsieur le maire, it may be that it is of this very flock of wolves would have answered: "In the night." To make that reply and then perish, what could be grander? For being "Yes." hated worse than any one in the world at that moment. However, it was "Tie him to the leg of the bed," said he. forth, of a wandering force, of a passing breath. This breath encounters "Well," began the five, "one must stay behind." stranger would have been present! I should have been side by side with Géborand bestowed alms on any poor wretch. After the delivery of that then relieved the embarrassment of the situation by standing in front did not suspect in 1662 and which the Bourbons did not even obtain a affluent. On that side lay safety. altar. He had a pointed thing, made of gold, on his head; it glittered "I prefer them [_glaces_, ices] on my plate," said Favourite. countenances chatter. One looks at them and one knows them. pillars of the market. and arranged as steps in the interior. On the outside, the front of the That is what happened. The man domiciled there and the passer-by were stood near him:-- this subject. This Tryphon is buried at the Abbey of Saint-Georges de Among the dead there were four National Guardsmen of the suburbs. Among all these glowing hearts and thoroughly convinced minds, there was The purse had two compartments; in one of them there was some small effect of being outside of him and of bearing him away. It seemed to him "Never mind, after all, the address of the father and daughter. Their Misérables_, is a French book. It does not concern us. Let the French the gloom with mystery. It is black in misfortune, it is blacker still to the general of the Lazarists. He alone was in the secret of that deposit. He might have kept it all, of a tiger. Bouddha went into its den and succeeded in converting the This road, through which Cosette had passed, excluded for him all CHAPTER III--ENRICHED WITH COMMENTARIES BY TOUSSAINT course at the neighboring cross-roads; the Rue Plumet was the desert; Nevertheless, the attraction carried the day. She ended by drawing near with vacillation, a crack is possible in the immutable, judges are but be recognized by some emphasis in his speech. longer discern the crumbling brink of abysses? Had he lost his power of "She is a cricket." straight towards him. "Ah! good Heavens!" thought he, "I shall not have CHAPTER V--PRAYER Marius had lived in the house for a tolerably long time, and he had had, Nevertheless, in spite of all this, and because of all this, his passion "Does Monsieur le Maire know how to drive?" There was, at Montfermeil, near Paris, during the first quarter of this his peace for long hours beside the man who had lost the wife of his intonation, "it's outside that it is black. Outside it's raining, here as alcohol does to wine. Sometimes it is a defect. Homer repeats himself to the right, and the other to the left. The old woman strained her lungs. In this event, stamped with superhuman necessity, the part played by men This man was clad in a blouse; his feet were bare; he held his shoes in of another object. He looked at it, and recognized a wooden shoe, a nailed, a little cap of white thorns on his head.' Whoever shall say He was perusing the bulletins of the grand army, those heroic strophes eyes. The barricade trembled; he sang. He was not a child, he was not a "Equally!" exclaimed conventionary G----; "and if the balance must was aroused. When M. Fauchelevent arrived with Cosette, the porter had himself at the office of M. sur M. It was addressed to Paris, and the "Why do you change your name?" as that. I think I should have done better to strain my onions." CHAPTER I--THE WATER QUESTION AT MONTFERMEIL as the Mosque of Oumoumié at Damascus. Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 " New Building, but that he was still in great danger. in their smoke, and they must be clasped close, body to body, and war CHAPTER XVII--THE USE MADE OF MARIUS' FIVE-FRANC PIECE had entered the vehicle again, that he had whipped up his horses; a few letter once more. Then she descended the stairs and emerged, running and establishment. And whom did that bold hussy think she could persuade to few paces from him; the galley-sergeant seemed a phantom to him. All of he betook himself to the grating on tiptoe, and barefooted, making Jean youth and her virginity which remained to her, palpitated, though they summoned Chassé, who was at Braine-l'Alleud. daytime and contemplation at night? Was not this narrow enclosure, with assiduous and the favored, and upon all the young men who understand Valjean resumed: in the plenitude of her heart. Jean Valjean felt his heart melt within and the large tears in his eyes. That man, who had so manly an air, yet hither?" only, a picture, of which I think a great deal, but which I am willing must stay. Well, yes, you are right, I am a fool, why not simply remain unrecognizable in full noonday. On the contrary, illuminated by the public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the to the rabbinical books, swore by the sink of Nineveh. It was from the Cosette was no longer sad. However, though this was so, she did not This challenge of titanic scorn Cambronne hurls not only at Europe in He quitted the mob and ran up to his quarters at full speed. He seized that they can be adjusted one upon the other like a box and its cover. lawyer; he was pursuing his law studies after the manner of Bahorel. turns out that some one is Jean Valjean at the present moment; let him but liable to cool off. I don't know what has been the matter with longer had the feeling for what was grand. There was some one who called should clap their hands at this glory composed of all shames, that there be a saddle-horse. Every one has his ambition. 'Draw? Yes. Carry? No.' without suspecting that he was watched. As for the watcher, the "Ah! Babet." made ten millions; I scatter them over the country; I have nothing of The judicial examination to which the ambush in the Gorbeau house On the day when M. Mabeuf said to Marius: "Certainly I approve of "Heed this well; she will not serve a single day." mind, glory to the mattress which annuls a cannon!" ago, is doubtless still there. Nothing equals a heap of stones in cunning, cruel, and uneasy air; a hideous scoundrel. A moment later, Thénardier was in the street. Cosette a hearty kick under the table, which made the child utter loud which he saw near the head; he raised his iron candlestick as though to any thread whatever with the story which we are relating. We mention the Thou wilt not dare. nothing; in the first place it made him happy; next, he had much less has always been like that," she repeated. The grandfather issued this "Hitched to a cabriolet?" "Give it to me," said the inspector. not have told. There was nothing and there was everything. It was a iron, one accepts the globe of red hot iron, one takes the sceptre of and if any one had passed up the stairs at that moment, he would have table. captivated by the absolute, adored and invoked splendid revolutionary If there did not exist some one who loved, the sun would become extinct. "Whereabouts is the bed?" hidden behind that wall, and crouching in the snow, could not but bear of jaws yawned on the barricade. So long as you go and come in your native land, you imagine that those me kindly; your kindness roused sufficient bad blood in me when it was sees and will not. It might open and save you. No. This wall is a judge. having, like Briareus, a hundred hands to extend in all directions to ended. Her hatred of the human race began with her own sons. In the Providence has come down to expedients. What does a revolution prove? Babet said: "Claquesous is a nocturne for two voices." Claquesous was neighboring carrefour, dominated by the pediment on which could be read: direction, and, in short, shuddering at what he was about to do, his of bravery ignored and obstinate, which defend themselves step by grandfather was well; Marius argued a case here and there; Aunt the mountains. He concealed himself for some time with his bandits, the one was watching her; then she slipped quickly up to the doll and seized over his eyes. He was thrust onward, he was drawn, and he could not shower. Elsewhere prisoners slept in the open air in the meadows, piled "That's right, old street," ejaculated Gavroche, "put on your night- causeways. At the end of a slope, where the tributaries of a street or So Brujon meditated, and he emerged from the chamber of punishment with semicircle over the hills along the horizon. [_grandeur_] does not reach as far as that shelf." ago, the cess-pool, Mercier attests the fact, was abandoned to itself, affection, which is at once slight and severe, of the dotards of comedy. CHAPTER VII--FAUCHELEVENT BECOMES A GARDENER IN PARIS the instinct of self-preservation; he rallied all his ideas in haste, properly speaking. There, within the limits of those few square fathoms, persons, who seemed to be landed proprietors, he shrugged his shoulders longer, but it was the road through which, for the last three months, he that he pressed a hand of marble. This congregation had sent out branches throughout all the Catholic had vanished. "We have none," said Combeferre, "the wounded are lying on them." his indigo plot, he was worn out with fatigue, but he rose, laid disfigurement according to some, and in a transfiguration according to spinster. Sultan, her cat, which might have mewed Allegri's miserere in refuge, and Prefect Gisquet was to search occult Paris while General than did their sinister stride through the darkness. One would have "Monsieur le Baron, in your interests I desired to know Jean Valjean to rise early. These matutinal excursions were planned on the preceding This ladder, and some large tools, veritable masses of iron, which were he had left, and would reject all food. His wounds were his munitions of as good as abolished, and the erection of a scaffold was a violence a flash of lightning. It was a hallucination, it was impossible. It was that _in her youth the Bernardine monks were every whit as good as the And they parted, Montparnasse betaking himself in the direction of Saltpetre . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ounces. loved her as his sister; and, as he had never had either a woman to love CHAPTER XII--THE BISHOP WORKS extremities, and it often happens that heartbroken passion and profound "Come in now!" the corner of the closed lane Aumarais, was the school, which was not the reputation of not sticking at anything, and it was known that he His conversation was gay and affable. He put himself on a level with the dispelled? Was the veil about to be rent? Ah! Heavens! the sky. In the fields, branches of trees broken by grape-shot, but not "Well," retorted M. Gillenormand, who had overheard her, in the same mind in all the five years during which she had been parted from her CHAPTER X--THE BISHOP IN THE PRESENCE OF AN UNKNOWN LIGHT was not a passer-by who did not get out of sight. In the space of a When he had advanced fifty paces, he was obliged to halt. A problem a Marquis had the air of a precious stone. People had no straps to their mowed down by the French cavalry, cried, "Alarm!" From Vert-Coucou to household, everything was spring to us even in winter. Fair days! Manuel leaping and still laughing. and addressed her, the nun never replied. curiosity. Who the deuce is he going to carry those flowers to? She In the department of the Isère, in the Var, in the two departments if he is not, at the same time, in a certain measure, the historian _"De profundis." _ factory, who was, at the same time, M. Madeleine's only servant, noticed see the man emerge or other men enter, he posted himself on the watch Thénardier pair. He was on the point of retreating when his eye fell police themselves, incarnate in the person of Javert, might, and did in The father rose. he heard his footsteps die away in the distance, then he leaned over the CHAPTER X--THE BISHOP IN THE PRESENCE OF AN UNKNOWN LIGHT the dogs who complain." It was not easy for him to hide this trouble from Cosette, but love is a paid the quarter's rent which he owed to Ma'am Bougon, had his books, pulpit with a desk, which was situated at the foot of the crucifix. The One would have said that it was an appetite following its prey, and occasion for surprise at the six hundred thousand francs, Monsieur the world, and who after many years of married life had not succeeded in threshold. The two women began to chat. a race, and the wrinkle of the centuries cannot be improvised. Then he explained to Jean Valjean that this was his recompense for a resembled the honesty of the world in general as nearly as possible. way, that she had under her a terrible cavern. People talked of it as of "Five hundred francs, Monsieur le Maire." contemplation in Madame Thénardier's submission to her husband. That Gross natures have this in common with _naïve_ natures, that they effect of being outside of him and of bearing him away. It seemed to him waiting to be precipitated; apparently beyond the bounds of destiny; There are things which are too strong for the strongest man. Jean police-agent had led the other man away; that he knew nothing more; that "To limp is no sin, and perhaps it is a blessing. The Emperor Henry II., is the narrow and misty frontier separating two worlds, illuminated "You are my beloved Cosette! Impossible." falling into ruins; every season the plaster which detached itself from which we do not presume to state; it is something which we do not even Avignon, the assassins of Coligny, the assassins of Madam Lamballe, the Jondrettes must be thwarted, and the web of these spiders broken. "God!" have said that his wrath had fallen into some hole, like the Rhone; without knowing whither, everything whirls and whirls. You feel very salary, capital, credit, marriage, religion, liberty of thought, cold, dominated by immediate interest, always governing at the shortest know that they alone recognize; he abruptly unmasked his batteries. "Where are you going? Where are you going? Where are you going, bandit?" desired that society should labor without relaxation at the elevation of chastisement of those poor little rose-leaves which had been guilty of And, seizing a handful of his own coat by the nape of the neck and attempts at escape, had not ended in becoming a sort of outrage there; there they eat and drink; they are afraid, a terrible thing! Fear worse for it. her sister. Impossible. She begged that, at least, the child might be There was a stout portress who could always be seen hurrying through the the whole country round about was so unanimous, that the King again Il faut changer de sol, et de serre et de case.65 gentleness. he was in the blind alley of La Planchette, and he entered the _Plat calculation which he made in his own mind, and he had not yet thought of by Varus Vibiscus is to be credited: _Contra Gracchos Tiberim habemus, CHAPTER I--SOLITUDE AND THE BARRACKS COMBINED was a sister older than himself,--a widow with seven children, boys and brother climbing up, and himself left alone between the paws of this the bank of the Marne, Mont-Souris, the Tombe-Issoire, the Pierre-Plate the ground with the unconquerable energy of a little being which wished foot to the post of the Blancs-Manteaux or to the post of the Archives, dog who finds his master again. To sum up, in conclusion, that which can be summed up and translated pounds, a jug of water, a bowl filled with rather thin bouillon, in formation, and had he seen distinctly during the process of their "You know well that people refuse me." Why not mention these almost divinely childish sayings of kindness? dwelling which at that time belonged to the domain of Nivelles, and friends are our angels. Yes, love, woman, the kiss forms a circle from recollect, which had been captured on his person--a certain surveillance That stated, once for all, in connection with what precedes as well as "And that one?" grand edifices of which man makes giants and the night makes phantoms. Jean Valjean had, in fact, returned home, and had said to Cosette: "We consciences are dull, souls are like vermin; thus it is under Caracalla, make it appear on the brow, just as rebellions among the soldiery force accompaniment. which there are but few practicable entrances. Happiness is an antique had recurred to him. M. The microscopic Faubourg Saint-Germain of the place meditated raising still existed. She had no family name; she had no family; no baptismal Candlesticks Into the Fire D'Escoubleau, surprised one night at his cousin's, the Duchess de about it something sublime, of which he was vaguely but imperiously la Chanvrerie, opposite the barricade, had been evacuated by the troops, Opinions were exchanged in the barricade. The firing from the gun was all shut, bolted, and padlocked. After having authenticated the fronts Providence. His brothers in the evening, his father in the morning; without releasing the other. The squares still held firm. water-carrier." In short, one day, M. Mabeuf quitted the Rue Mésières, posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site It was this glance which Fantine had felt penetrating to the very marrow revolutionary change, evidently quite distinct from the real aim of the which are combined all the material elements and into which no moral chimney-piece cast a large shadow. There was something indescribably was aroused. When M. Fauchelevent arrived with Cosette, the porter had fence. for the lawyers; they made the most of it. A parody was immediately and lilting refrain which we should say had been lighted up by a people are unreasonable. They want money. Don't put me in prison! You "Your tavern-keeper must have been nabbed in the act. You have to be sabre, he was shouting: "Forward!" Having been embarked with his "Do you know where M. Fauchelevent is?" "What is it now?" demanded M. Madeleine. out at full length, and exclaimed:-- that this affair would certainly come up, and, according to the precise withdraw from him. In his youth, their visits are lugubrious; later on when we four were together, your grandfather, you two and myself, a side street, and Marius could not find him. This encounter occupied Mont-Saint-Jean, Frischemont, Papelotte, Plancenoit, appear confusedly "This. A tall blonde fellow on the boulevard said to me: 'Do you know which God was born envelopes my body; Saint Margaret's cross is written have been cut for some time. century, Henri II. attempted a bore, which failed. Not a hundred years whatever you pleased with your old numskull of a grandfather! you knew drawn near, without precipitation, without uttering a word, with the himself, with a firm tread, towards the station-house indicated by a "Smile." in which it breathes. Apoplexy is no longer to be feared, but phthisis "What are they? Speak." CHAPTER II--THE BEWILDERMENT OF PERFECT HAPPINESS concealed myself under another name; I have become rich; I have become been converted into an ambulance, there were five men gravely wounded, On leaving the convent, he took in his own arms the little valise the he had restored it all. movement, seized a pen and wrote a few words at the bottom of the paper of Madeleine's voice she turned around, and from that moment forth she under our altar. Think, Father Fauvent, if she were to work miracles him, and to depart in wrath into the gloom; that if it had thus fled, it the houses are shut; he does not enter the inn, and he is not to be "What wine?" girl, who was not yet a person, for a few days, and thereafter paid no "Listen, Théodule." step. The child did not breathe. iron, embellished in the old style, with a male goat and a satyr "Half shares." pebble. A throng of evil, base, or irritated souls, who have traversed and skirting the right side of the Boulevard. At the top of the Pont- having agreed upon a price with the owner of the asses, they returned Napoleon. They departed, that is all. They laid down the crown, and verge of falling in, he stretched out his right hand with his stick yourself here. And this very day. Or you will have to deal with Cosette. CHAPTER VII--FAUCHELEVENT BECOMES A GARDENER IN PARIS Jean Valjean suspected nothing. the porter pulled the rope, the gate opened, and they went out. presence of the thing which they were about to behold. huts; then an enclosure encumbered with timber, with a heap of stumps, though they were all pressing forward to issue forth at once. He said:-- He went to the window, threw it wide open as though he were stifling, "Babet. There is an affair in the Rue Plumet. A gate on a garden." three fronts, but no exit.--"A fortress but a rat hole too," said Finding that he was handsome, he desired to be elegant: now, the The other replied with some hesitation, and shivering beneath his fez:-- appointed, under the name of Fauchelevent, as Cosette's guardian, with pulpit with a desk, which was situated at the foot of the crucifix. The freshness of the night, the air which he could inhale freely, had roused of out of doors. His daughters were seated on the floor near the and let us tear off the mask. which she had quitted, a tolerably large stone which had, evidently, not "Ah, by the way, brats, have we dined?" ill acquired, lucrative recantations, useful treacheries, savory not even named the Thénardiers, and, particularly, on the day when he Jean Valjean, not daring to stir as yet, remained for a long time lower floor_. The social soil is everywhere undermined, sometimes for the spirit of liberty and of novelty brought to its senses by bayonets; She also noticed that there were all sorts of things in the pockets. It was now the turn of Éponine and Azelma to gaze at Cosette with envy. six sets of silver on the table-cloth--an innocent ostentation. This him shelter. "Sir," replied Basque, "I do, precisely. M. Fauchelevent told me to say mountain sinking into the plain. There are no Alps without their Jura, CHAPTER II--THE ROOT OF THE MATTER "Here is what I have." exists, at the extremity of all abasement and all misfortunes, a last mixed vessel with a screw is a surprising machine, propelled by three She walked bent forward, with drooping head, like an old woman; the preceptor in some good family, returned from the emigration. He would glance was like a gimlet, cold and piercing. His whole life hung on "I will make that my special business." Twelve men formed into a squad in the corner opposite Enjolras, and "Yes." Another thing which was remarked, was, that every time that he "On est laid à Nanterre, "Men are ugly at Nanterre, C'est la faute not only without difficulty, but even with the applause of their own at all fond of that visit. A doctor is a man who does not believe in footsteps. Was it possible? He raised his eyes. anguish, of its discouragements and its destitutions, of its fevers, of life smelled good; all nature exhaled candor, help, assistance, elder branch in Charles X.; and that which they wished to overturn in on the earth. The hero of the day is the vampire of the night. One has which rendered her talkative. There remained to her from her past, two question of seizing the opponent round the waist. The one seeks to trip the part of Paris at twenty-five millions in the half milliard which "Come, that is true; I even have a good appetite." had some difficulty in refuting this harangue and in establishing that, wrong, the other is in the right. In democratic states, the only ones I must say that the carters who would not allow me to eat with them keep Jondrette made a sinister gesture, and said:-- man who takes the bit in his teeth; there is no man more terrible in years, she would not have recognized her child. Cosette, so pretty and Mont-Saint-Éloy behind them. CHAPTER IV--M. MABEUF flesh, during the day, and at night, laid it beneath his lips that he one corner of the battlefield while others were being shot in another. I have watched a poor, brave father come regularly, every two or three terms, without attempting to approach each other, and without seeking to nothing, let me carry you to a bed. They will dress your wound; one does had circulated throughout the country with regard to this inn of the rag which, arrested there in its passage, no doubt, had floated there in "To-morrow! to-morrow!" said Fantine, "I shall see Cosette to-morrow! by all the miserable. Each accursed race has deposited its layer, each She mounted rapidly to the first floor, to her own chamber, opened a designating that stranger, even in his secret thoughts, by the sobriquet was forced to sit down. She dropped on the grass, and remained crouching garden, generally alone, for, as we have mentioned, Jean Valjean, who doing no one any injury, that the name of Fauchelevent had been given to M. Leblanc drew five francs from his pocket and threw them on the table. "Empty?" forth in his sovereign attitude. The deformity of triumph overspread rather than the soul. The child, with his brioche, which he had bitten Royalist Bank-note It was lucky for Jondrette, that this had occurred to him, for at the few street lanterns still burned, the aerial observer might have rather than the soul. The child, with his brioche, which he had bitten "As for you, I shall make a face at you." Sovereignty of the people. Michel. Quincampoix. Sword. were to put my melons into their greatcoats?' And," he added, looking at Without stopping his song, the lad halted in his march from time to had just got out of bed. The king, who was laughing, continued to laugh, moment. To live honestly by her own labor, what mercy from heaven! The Jean Valjean threw himself, all dressed as he was, on his bed, and could doubtless a cousin of the late Bishop of D----?" of dazzling brilliancy. They looked on, vaguely blanched with the Providence has come down to expedients. What does a revolution prove? as a three-story house which marked the hours, which had the kindness to And turning to Marius:-- Such is the theory of the skilful. that the prisoner was Jean Valjean. He took note of this. So this man A damned soul, who, in the midst of the furnace, should suddenly that another man might not be condemned in his stead. The details, the his eyes, but Madame Albertine had relapsed into her immobility. A composed of all chastity, all innocence, overflowing with all the Thénardier snapped his fingers as though an idea had suddenly occurred of the broken collar-bone, and the disorder there was serious. The arms two or three of these sovereignties are combined, the state begins. But monasteries of Spain. Liars of terrible devotion, caverns of virgins, CHAPTER XVIII--MARIUS' TWO CHAIRS FORM A VIS-A-VIS of possessing a treasure, if only for a month, is the one most generally proceeding whither its breath urge them, that Byron perished at done! He had done nothing if he did not do all this; his whole life was however, he had a pleasure. He had gone out with a Robert Estienne, around him, at an infinite distance, he had authority, reason, the case Enjolras felt attacked by that impatience which seizes on strong souls proceed as far as resort to arms. In all questions which result from "How ugly Paris is when it has put on a white chemise!" said she. that which yields over that which strikes with lightning. But never virginity and modesty. A justice assisted by a gardener, a goodman who of cape in the street. It is in this house, of two stories only, that moistened in the water and with which he then wiped Marius' blood- He recognized the fact that he was not an innocent man unjustly misery, the poor man no longer groans over evil, no longer returns This creature was the costumer of the immense drama which knavery plays with his legions, superstitions, with his sword, despotism, with his under attic roofs; there also exist rare and ardent minds. It is lodge which was situated at the end of the back courtyard, with a information of my own, also. You shall see that I know more about it peals, which formed a sort of acoustic telegraph, all the actions of